Wang Yang

       Opening up is the only way for the country's prosperity and development. To promote reform and promote development through opening up is an important magic weapon for continuously making new achievements in our country's modernization drive. General Secretary Xi Jinping's 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a speech titled "Promoting the Formation of a New Pattern of Overall Opening-up," Emphasizing that "opening up will bring progress and closure will inevitably lag behind." "The door to China's opening up will not be closed but will only grow bigger and bigger." "China Adhere to the basic national policy of opening up to the outside world and adhere to the principle of opening up the country and opening up to the outside world to develop a higher-level open economy. This is a major strategic plan that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping as its core to adapt to the new trend of economic globalization, accurately determine the new changes in the international situation and profoundly grasp the new requirements for reform and development in the country, will surely win the award of building a well-off society in an all-round way, Provide strong support for the great triumph of distinctive socialism, inject powerful impetus into the realization of the goal of the second Centennial and the realization of the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and contribute positive energy to building a common community of human destiny.

I. Profoundly Understanding the New Situation Facing China's Opening to the World

         Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core has taken the strategic overall situation, pushed forward the theory and practice of opening up to the outside world, established a new concept of opening up and development, implemented the initiative of building the "Belt and Road", accelerated the construction of a new open economy system, Advocate the development of an open world economy, actively participate in global economic governance and make major new achievements in opening up to the outside world. At present, the world is in a period of great readjustment and major changes. China's economy is now at a crucial period of transforming its mode of development, optimizing its economic structure and transforming its growth momentum. The domestic and foreign situations confronting the opening-up to the outside world are undergoing profound and complex changes with unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Unprecedented, opportunities outweigh the challenges.

         (A) The conversion of old and new kinetic energy has become the key to the recovery and prosperity of the world economy. Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, deep-seated effects have continued to emerge. The global economic recovery has been difficult and tortuous. Global trade growth has been below the world economic growth rate for five consecutive years, and cross-border investment has not yet returned to its pre-crisis level. Recently, the world economy has shown a good trend of recovery. Global trade and investment have picked up. The international financial markets have been generally stable. A new round of technological revolution and industrial change are gaining momentum. New industries, new technologies and new formats are emerging in an endless stream. However, the world economy has yet to get out of the adjustment period for sub-health and weak growth. Deep-seated structural contradictions have not been effectively resolved. The new growth momentum has not yet been formed. The potential growth rate has not risen and declined but there are still many uncertainties. The International Monetary Fund estimates that the world economy will grow at an average annual rate of 3.7% in the next five years, less than the average growth rate of 4.2% in the first 10 years of the international financial crisis. New and old kinetic energy can be converted, the key to economic recovery. How to seize the opportunities and resolve the challenges under the complicated global economic situation is an important task facing the opening up to the outside world.

         (II) Be more balanced and become a trend of international comparison. The depth adjustment of the world economic pattern, the rise of groups in emerging markets and developing countries, the fact that the international forces have been "going north and south down" have become even more pronounced. In 2016, emerging markets and developing countries contributed 80% of the world's economic growth, accounting for 38.8% of the global economy, an increase of 10.5% over 2007; the BRICS accounted for 22.4% of the global economy, Increase by 8.8 percentage points. In the past five years, China's contribution to the growth of the world economy has remained above 30%. The institutional discourse power in the global economic governance system has risen significantly, which is conducive to safeguarding the development interests of our country. In the meantime, as China gradually approaches the center of the world stage, the international community hopes that China will play a bigger role in international affairs and take more responsibility in meeting global challenges. How to play a new international role and shoulder the responsibility of adapting to the stage of development is an unavoidable important issue.

         (C) In-depth development in twists and turns as a feature of economic globalization. Economic globalization, represented by the liberalization of trade and investment, has contributed to world peace, stability and prosperity. It is in the common interest of all countries in the world and represents the direction of the development of human civilization. Economic globalization has never been easy, but it has been moving forward with twists and turns. In recent years, the problems of weak economy, unbalanced development, governance dilemma and fair deficit have become more prominent. The trend of anti-globalization surges, the rise of protectionism and the trend of internal protection have cast a shadow over the world economic and trade development. Economic globalization is the tide of the times. The general trend of further development is irreversible. However, the pace of economic globalization may slow down. Motivation may change and rules may change. How to better adapt to and guide economic globalization and promote economic globalization towards a more open, inclusive, inclusive, balanced and win-win situation is the common responsibility of China and other countries in the world.

         (D) to speed up the cultivation of new competitive advantages become the development direction of China's open economy. The economic development in our country has entered a new normal, the cost of labor continues to rise, the resource constraints are tightening day by day and the carrying capacity of the environment is approaching the upper limit. The traditional competitive advantages of the open economy are weakened and the traditional development model encounters a bottleneck. However, we must also see that our institutional environment and policy environment for innovation and development are continuously improved with abundant human resources, a huge market scale, a sound infrastructure, complete industrial facilities, and an innovative environment. The open economy still enjoys comprehensive competitive advantages. Under the rigorous and complicated domestic and international circumstances, the processing trade in our country accelerated its transformation and upgrading, its service trade continued to grow rapidly, new foreign trade products, new formats and new models continued to emerge. The international business capability of enterprises was significantly enhanced and their position in the international division of labor Gradually improve. How to make the best use of the situation and push the momentum to push the open economy to speed up the transformation from factor-driven to innovation-driven, from speed-to-quality and efficiency-oriented, from cost and price advantages to technology, standards, brand, quality and service The overall competitive advantage of change, so as to achieve the quality of change, efficiency change, power reform, is the opening door must grasp the main direction.

Second, accurately grasp the basic content of full liberalization

         At the height of co-ordinating the overall situation at home and abroad, the 19-party report systematically answers major issues such as whether or not to open the new era, what kind of opening should be given, and how to promote opening up systematically, from both theoretical and practical dimensions. The comprehensive opening up proposed in the report is rich in content, including the scope of opening up, the broadening of the scope and the deepening of the strata, as well as the innovation of opening-up methods, layout optimization and quality improvement. It is an important part of Xi Jinping's socialist thinking and basic strategy with Chinese characteristics.

         (I) Insisting on bringing in and going abroad to better integrate and expand the space for national economic development. Active and effective use of foreign investment is not an expedient measure, but a strategic guideline that must be adhered to for long. Although China has abundant reserves and foreign exchange, it can not therefore ignore the role of foreign investment. The use of foreign capital is not simply the introduction of funds, more importantly, the introduction of foreign advanced technology, business philosophy, management experience and market opportunities, etc., to promote China's enterprises embedded in the global industrial chain, the value chain and innovation chain. Closing the door to engage in construction will not work, shut the door to engage in innovation does not work. We must adhere to the principle of attracting foreign investment and attracting foreign exchange and introducing talents together so as to enhance the technology spillover effect and industrial upgrading effect of foreign investment utilization and strengthen various forms of cooperation in the field of innovation so as to promote the economy to a medium and high-end level. At the same time, we should also see that it is the only way for the transformation and upgrading of an open economy from a big trade country to a big investment country and from the export of commodities to the export of capital. Our country has a strong capacity, applicable technology and ample foreign exchange, the conditions for expanding cooperation in foreign investment are relatively mature. In accordance with the report, we should insist on bringing in and going all out to deploy while enhancing the quality and level of introduction, and at the same time, support enterprises to go actively and steadily. This will not only help ensure the supply of energy resources, drive the export of goods and services, access innovative resources and marketing networks, and help the national economy improve the quality and efficiency of the economy, but also help promote the economic and social development of the host country and achieve win-win results.

         (B) adhere to the opening up along the coast and inland opening up along the border to better integrate and optimize the layout of the region open. China's opening to the outside world started from the coast and proceeded progressively from east to west. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, great progress has been made in opening up the hinterland and the inland areas, but it is still generally open to the outside world. The western region has 72% of the country's land area, 27% of the population and 20% of the total economy, while foreign trade accounts for only 7% of the country's total. The utilization of foreign investment and foreign investment account for 7.6% and 7.7% respectively. Inland and border areas are abundant in labor force, natural resources are enriched and infrastructures are improving. Especially with the accelerating construction of the "Belt and Road", the central and western regions gradually move from the periphery to the frontiers of liberalization, and the open economy has ample space for development. According to the report, the deployment of opening up the western region will be intensified. While deepening the opening up of the coastal areas, the hinterland and the border areas will be transformed from open depressions to open heights, opening up an open pattern of interconnectedness between east and west and between east and west, thus forming an open pattern The new pattern of regional coordinated development.

         (C) adhere to the opening up in the field of manufacturing and service areas opening up a better combination, with a high level of opening up and promote deep structural adjustment. Manufacturing is an area where China opened earlier and to a greater extent and is also a rapidly developing and highly competitive area. In the future, except for a few sensitive areas, other manufacturing industries should be further opened up and restrictions on share ratio and business scope should be gradually relaxed. In contrast, the service industry has lagged behind in opening to the outside world and the industry as a whole is not very competitive. It is still the "shortfall" of economic development and structural upgrading. The report clearly states that the market access will be greatly relaxed and the service industry opened to the outside world. That is, while deepening the opening up of the manufacturing sector, we should focus on promoting the orderly opening up of the service industries such as finance, education, culture and medical services, and liberalizing the standards for foreign investment in service industries such as childcare and pensions, architectural design, accounting auditing, commerce and trade logistics, and e-commerce Into the limit.

         (4) Persisting in the better integration of opening up to the developed countries and opening up to the developing countries and expanding the meeting point with the interests of all countries. The developed countries are China's major economic and trade partners. Last year the United States, the European Union and Japan accounted for 36.4% of the total foreign trade of our country. Together with the re-export trade in Hong Kong, a higher proportion. To consolidate economic and trade cooperation with developed countries can stabilize the basic disk of China's open economy. At the same time, the economic and trade ties between our country and the vast number of developing countries are also getting closer. From 2014 to 2016, China's import and export to the countries along the "Belt and Road" reached 3.1 trillion U.S. dollars, accounting for more than 1/4 of the total foreign trade in the same period. The direct investment in the countries along the routes amounted to nearly 50 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 1 of the total foreign direct investment / 10 or so. We should adhere to the requirements of the report, adhere to the principle of opening up to developed countries and opening up to developing countries, actively develop the global partnership, develop all-round equality and mutual benefit and cooperation with all countries, diversify export markets, diversify sources of imports, and diversify investment partnerships .

         (5) To adhere to the better combination of multilateral opening up and opening up of the region so as to serve as constructor contributor to an open world economy. The multilateral trade system represented by WTO and the regional trade arrangements represented by free trade zones are two "wheels" that drive the development of economic globalization. The WTO has over 160 members, covering 98% of the global trade volume and is widely represented. WTO rules are the important institutional guarantee of economic globalization and are in the common interest of all countries in the world. Since the beginning of the new century, the development of the multilateral trade system has been hindered. A more open and flexible regional trade arrangement has been thriving and has become the main engine driving economic globalization. The report clearly states that it actively participates in the reform and construction of the global governance system, supports the multilateral trade system, promotes the building of a free trade area and promotes the construction of an open world economy. This is both a need to expand its own open space and a responsibility to safeguard the international economic order.

Third, to promote the formation of a comprehensive opening up a new pattern of the main tasks and important initiatives

         The report of the 19th CPC Congress has strong theoretical, strategic and ideological features as well as strong pertinence, practicality and operability. It has clearly defined the concept of opening up, the strategy of opening up, the goal of opening up, the opening up of the new era, Opening up the momentum and opening up the roadmap for the opening up to the outside world in the coming period, and launched a series of new measures and new measures. mainly include:

         (I) To steadily push forward the "Belt and Road Initiative". The "One Belt and One Road" project is a major strategic move for our country to expand its opening up to the outside world and is also the focus of its opening to the outside world in the coming period. With the concerted efforts of all parties, the "Belt and Road" initiative has been gradually transformed from concept into action and from vision to reality. The report emphasizes that following the principle of mutual business cooperation and sharing, the two sides will actively promote international cooperation in the "Belt and Road" and strive to achieve policy communication, facilities connectivity, trade flow, financial facilities and common prosperity, and create a new platform for international cooperation, adding new momentum for common development. To this end, we must do a good job in the following aspects: First, we must strengthen the common divisor with the national development strategies along the line, increase strategic mutual trust and seek cooperation, and build "the Belt and Road" into a road of peace. The second is to focus on the fundamental development. With the framework of "six corridors and six multi-country and multi-hong Kong", we will vigorously promote interconnection and industrial cooperation, expand the space for financial cooperation and build "the Belt and Road" into a prosperous road. Thirdly, it will increase trade and investment liberalization and facilitation levels, negotiate preferential trade arrangements and investment protection agreements with relevant countries, and comprehensively strengthen cooperation in the areas of customs, inspection and quarantine, transportation, logistics and e-commerce so as to build "the Belt and Road" into an open path. Fourth, we should seize the opportunity of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial reform, step up open-door cooperation in innovation capability and build "the Belt and Road" into an innovation path. Fifth, we should establish a multi-layered mechanism of human cooperation that will promote cooperation in such fields as education, science and technology, culture, sports, health, youth, media and think tanks. We will lay solid foundation for public opinion and build the Belt and Road program into a road of civilization.

         Second, speed up the construction of a powerful trade country. In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has achieved a historic leap forward. However, the problems of being big but not strong are prominent. The problems are mainly the weak innovation ability, the quality of export products, the grade and the added value. The report proposes that expanding foreign trade and promoting the building of a powerful foreign trade means accelerating the transformation of the development mode of foreign trade from shifting from the trade in goods mainly to the coordinated development of trade in goods and services, from creating imitations and relying on imitation to creating innovations, Higher prices, gifted superior change out. First, speeding up the optimization and upgrading of trade in goods, accelerating the construction of a foreign trade transformation and upgrading base, trading platform and international marketing network, encouraging the export of high technology, equipment and branded products, and guiding the transformation and upgrading of the processing trade. The second is to promote the innovation and development of trade in services, encourage exports of cultural, tourism, construction, software, research and development and design services, vigorously develop service outsourcing and build a "China service" national brand. Third, foster a new model of trade new format. Adhere to the principle of encouraging innovation and being inclusive and prudent, and gradually improve the regulatory system, service system and policy framework and support the healthy development of cross-border e-commerce, market procurement and trade and comprehensive services for foreign trade, and create a new growth point for foreign trade. Fourth, implement a more proactive import policy, expand the import of advanced technical equipment, key components and high-quality consumer goods, and promote the balanced development of import and export. We will do a good job of China International Import Expo to create an open cooperation platform for all countries in the world to display their national image and conduct international trade.

         (C) improve the environment for foreign investment. At present, the global attraction for attracting investment is becoming increasingly fierce. In many countries, the factor cost is lower than that in our country and the policy preferential treatment is greater than that in our country. Fostering new competitive advantages in attracting foreign investment is not competitive incentives but rather a stable and fair, transparent, rule of law, and predictable business environment. First, strengthen the use of foreign investment in the rule of law. We will speed up the unification of domestic and foreign laws and regulations and formulate new basic laws on foreign investment. The clean-up of the laws, regulations and policy documents concerning foreign investment shall be repealed or amended within a time limit in keeping with the general direction and principle of the State's opening to the outside world. Second, improve the foreign investment management system. China's 11 Free Trade Experiments